Flotation system

ABSTRACT

A flotation system includes a crotch support and a vest. The crotch support includes a central body, a first pad, a second pad, and first and second elastic bands extending from the first pad. The vest includes a lower torso support and an upper torso stabilization system. The lower torso support can include a flexible body, and first and second flanks extending from the flexible body. The stabilization system can include first and second arms, each having a proximal end extending from the lower torso support, and a distal end. An extension may extend from each distal end to engage the first or second flank. Each of the central body, pads, flexible body, and arms can include a buoyant body. The elastic bands can wrap around the lower torso support such that a compressive force is applied along a circumference defined by a torso of a user.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/699,245, filed Jul. 17, 2018, the disclosure which is herein expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to flotation systems for enabling individuals to remain upright during aquatic activities without movement on the part of the individuals or assistance from others. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a compression flotation system including a crotch support, and a vest having an upper torso stabilization system and a lower torso support. The stabilization system, the lower torso support, and the crotch support may include features that apply compressive forces at or near an individual's chest and waist.

BACKGROUND

Many people are severely limited in their mobility as a result of muscular, bone, and neuromuscular conditions. For example, individuals that may have cerebral palsy, be paraplegic, be quadriplegic, have muscular sclerosis, or have suffered from traumatic physical injuries (collectively referred to herein as “severe mobility condition”) may not have control of their arms, legs, head movements, trunk (i.e., the entire torso), or combinations thereof. Treatment for these conditions can involve various exercises guided by a loved one, a caregiver, a physical therapist, nurse, or healthcare professional (collectively referred to herein as “caregiver” or “caregivers”). These exercises may improve muscle strength, coordination, and mobility to a certain degree. Other forms of therapy may take place in water such as in a pool (e.g. hydrotherapy exercises), and if done on a regular basis, could further enhance the therapeutic and rehabilitative effects of a therapy or daily medical management plan.

However, such hydrotherapy exercises and treatment plans are more often than not, unavailable to individuals with severe mobility conditions. These individuals often lack control of their trunk (torso), major limbs, and/or major muscles that others use: to swim, tread water, or generally move in the water to stay upright in moderate to deep waters; or to stand in a pool of shallow water with their head above a surface level of a body of water. Depending on the severity, loss of trunk control, in particular, can render many who suffer from this condition unable to go into the water without a cumbersome full body flotation device. Such devices often substantially inhibit a person's range of motion and ability to perform, or be guided in the performance of, aquatic exercises that specifically address, and potentially improve, their physical condition with respect to trunk control. Even with the help of a caregiver, these individuals are at a substantial and constant risk of further injury or drowning while in the water. There can be an additional barrier to doing aquatic exercises from an emotional standpoint. Those who are aware of their physical limitations may suffer from significant anxiety during any aquatic exercise for risk of drowning. Others, who are simply not used to being the water, whether they are aware of their condition or not, may freeze with fear and anxiety by even the slightest contact with a body of water.

Regardless of how much an individual weighs, those tasked with treating or caring for the individual are often not equipped to take the individual safely into the water. These caregivers lack a method or instrument that allows them to guide an individual's entrance into the water or support the weight or guide the body of the individual while in the water in way that: (a) is constant enough to guard against the ever-present risk of drowning; (b) is safe for the caregiver; (c) alleviates some of the burden on the caregiver to reassure the individual that they are safe in the water; or (d) allows for effective treatment.

Previous flotation solutions include garments that are worn on an individual's upper torso, lower body, or combinations thereof. These solutions may suffice for people who do not know how to swim, or have moderate injuries that make swimming or treading water for more than an appreciable amount of time impractical. However, solutions focused on an upper torso often tend to ride up a person's chest and constrict the person's neck or arms, especially where the person cannot move their legs and/or arms to hover above a water line. In addition, these solutions are often not compatible with individuals who have had a tracheotomy procedure. It is often the case that components of these solutions rub or press against an anterior region of an individual's neck at or near a cite of a stoma and are prohibitively uncomfortable. Further, individuals with certain types of severe mobility conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy), may not be able to become accustomed to an unrestricted or floating feeling for their lower body. Such a feeling may cause the individual to panic, and in some cases become constricted, while in the water.

On the other hand, lower body flotation solutions alone or in combination with upper torso solutions may be able to prevent discomfort or constriction at the neck and arm regions to some degree. However, these lower body solutions, alone or in combination, are still deficient at compensating for shifts in body weight sufficient to tip a person over frontwards, backwards, or to either side (and under water) from an upright position.

Minor displacements of water occurring in other portions of a pool or a shared volume of water (e.g. due to weather, other pool entrants, or reflective movement of water from an individual's own movements) are frequent and often sufficient to tip over floating bodies similar to individuals with severe mobility conditions with no means of staying upright. Thus, even the previous flotations solutions, if applied, require constant monitoring to prevent situations where an individual could tip over and possibly drown. Still further, none of the previous flotation solutions enable an individual to enter a pool of water in a manner that can be easily and consistently guided by a caregiver, let alone does not require a caregiver's assistance, to ensure that when the individual enters the water, their buoyant movements in the water don't cause shifts in their body weight that will cause the individual to tip over from an upright position.

As a result, a need exists for a flotation device that can: (a) be worn by an individual with a severe mobility condition during aquatic applications; (b) minimize restrictions on the individual's ability to move their arms and avoid constricting of the individual's neck region; (c) provide some degree of reassurance to the individual that they are safe; and (d) maintain the individual in an upright position without assistance from another person.

These and other issues are addressed by a flotation system and method of using the flotation system of the present disclosure.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a flotation system that can include a crotch support having a central body, a first pad, a second pad, a first elastic band extending from the first pad, and a second elastic band extending from the first pad in an opposite direction of the first elastic band. The flotation system may further include a vest with a lower torso support and an upper torso stabilization system. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the lower torso support can include a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, and a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body. The first flank may include a first flank attachment segment, and the second flank may include a second flank attachment segment. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the upper torso stabilization system may include a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having a proximal end extending from a top edge of the lower torso support and a distal end. Further, an extension may extend from each distal end and be configured to engage a respective one of the first and second flanks. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the central body, the first pad, second pad, flexible body, first arm, and the second arm can include a respective buoyant body. In one example, the first elastic band and the second elastic band can be configured to wrap around the lower torso support and attach the first flank, the second flank, or each other such that a compressive force is applied along a circumference defined by a torso of a user.

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a vest that can provided a flotation device, and includes a lower torso support, a first arm, and a second arm. In one example, the lower torso support includes a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, a and a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body. The first flank may include a first flank attachment segment, and he second flank may include a second flank attachment segment configured to attach to the first flank attachment segment. In another example, the lower torso support may include a plurality of grips extending from a top edge to a bottom edge of the lower torso support. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the first arm and the second arm may have a proximal end extending from the top edge of the lower torso support, a distal end, and an extension extending configured to engage a respective one of the first flank and the second flank. In one example, each of the flexible body, the first arm, and the second arm includes a respective buoyant body.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of guiding an activity of a user in an aquatic environment can include wrapping a lower torso support around a lower torso of the user, and attaching an attachment segment of a first flank of the lower torso support to an attachment segment of the second flank. The method can include positioning a first arm attached to a flexible body of the lower torso support over a first shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the first arm to the first flank with an extension of the first arm, and positioning a second arm attached to the flexible body over a second shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the second arm to the second flank with an extension of the second arm. In one example, the method can further include attaching a first pad of a crotch support to the flexible body and attaching a second pad of the crotch support to the first flank or the second flank such that central body of the crotch support extends between legs of the user. According to another aspect, a first elastic band attached to the first pad can be wrapped around the user and attached to the second pad, the first flank, or the second flank. A second elastic band attached to the first pad can be wrapped around the user in an opposite direction as the first elastic band and attached to the second pad, the second flank, the first flank, or the first elastic band. In addition, the user can be guided into the aquatic environment. In one example, the lower torso support can apply a moderate compressive force to a region of the user including a lower torso, and the first and second elastic bands can exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on a buoyant body provided in at least the flexible body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary flotation system, according to an aspect of present disclosure.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate front and rear elevations views of an implementation of a flotation system.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a flotation system according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A illustrates a top perspective view of a vest for a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4B illustrates a top perspective view of a crotch support for a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A illustrates an enlarged view of a first flank corresponding to detail 5A of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5B illustrates an enlarged view of a second flank corresponding to detail 5B of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 6 illustrates an enlarged view of a stabilization system corresponding to detail 6 of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged view of distal ends of arms for an upper torso stabilization system corresponding to detail 7 of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8A illustrates a front perspective view of a flotation system, a first connector strap, and an external floating object, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8B illustrates a rear perspective view of a flotation system, a second connector strap, and an external flotation object, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a rear spread adjustor, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a front perspective view of a rear spread adjustor implemented with a vest in a first configuration, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate perspective views of successive stages for a removal or an adjustment of a rear spread adjustor, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of a rear spread adjustor implemented with a vest in a second configuration, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate elevation views of successive stages for a removal or an adjustment of a rear spread adjustor, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a top perspective view of a crotch support with first and second connector straps attached thereto, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate front elevation views of a first connector strap.

FIG. 16 illustrates a top perspective view of a second connector strap, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a rear view of a flotation system including a connector strap provided in a harness configuration, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates an implementation of a flotation system, as embodied by a primary flotation device, along with a connector strap provided in a harness configuration.

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate an implementation of a flotation system within an aquatic environment.

FIGS. 20A and 20B respectively illustrate a front elevation and a rear perspective views of a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 21A and 21B illustrate top perspective views of an exterior and interior of a vest, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 illustrates a top perspective view of an exterior of a lower torso support.

FIG. 23 illustrates an elevation view of an exterior of a first flank.

FIG. 24 illustrates a top perspective view of an interior of a lower torso support.

FIGS. 25A, 25B, and 25C illustrate enlarged views of portions of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 illustrates an elevation view of an upper torso stabilization system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates a portion of FIG. 26 including views of a cross-strap system.

FIG. 28 illustrates a front elevation view of a cross-strap securement system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 illustrates a top perspective view of a portion of an upper torso stabilization system that includes an arm extension strap, and extension strap and a cross-strap securement systems.

FIGS. 30A and 30B illustrate front and rear elevation views of an extension securement system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30B illustrates a rear elevation view of an extension securement system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30C illustrates an enlarged portion of FIG. 29 showing portions of extension and cross-strap securement systems.

FIGS. 31A, 31B, and 31C respectively illustrate front elevation, front perspective, and closeup front elevation views of a cross-strap system implemented with a flotation system, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32A illustrates a side elevation view of a flotation system implemented with a secondary flotation device.

FIGS. 32B and 32C illustrate front and rear perspective views of the implemented flotation system and secondary flotation device of FIG. 32A.

FIGS. 33A and 33B illustrate top perspective views of an exterior and interior of a crotch support, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 34A and 34B illustrate elevation views of an exterior and interior of a first pad of a crotch support.

FIG. 34C illustrates an exterior of a flexible body of a lower torso support.

FIGS. 35A and 35B illustrate elevation views of an exterior and interior of a second pad of a crotch support.

FIG. 35C illustrates an exterior of one a first or a second flank that is attached to the other of second flank and the first flank of a lower torso support.

FIG. 36 illustrates a top view of a connector strap, according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate front and bottom perspective views of a head of a connector strap.

FIG. 38 illustrates a top perspective view of a connector strap.

FIG. 39 illustrates a top perspective view of a portion of a sub-strap.

FIG. 40 illustrates a rear perspective view of a flotation system including a second connector strap provided in a harness configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout, unless specified otherwise. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Aspects of the present disclosure described herein are directed toward a compression vest system that includes a vest and a crotch support. The vest includes a stabilization system that is configured to be positioned on an upper torso of an individual and has first and second arms, each constructed with a buoyant body (e.g., foam or other buoyant material formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid) that may be enclosed in a fabric shell. In one example, each buoyant body can be constructed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. Each of the first and second arms extend from a lower torso support. The lower torso support wraps around the individual at or near the individual's waist. The flexible body is constructed with a buoyant body enclosed in a fabric shell, and first and second flanks extend from opposite sides of the flexible body. Fabrics that may be used in constructing the flotation system of the present disclosure can include nylon, or a material having some degree of water resistance and/or fire retardance, such as a fabric having a fiber thickness of 600 denier (d), 900 d, 1000 d, or higher.

Attachment segments provided on the flanks may be configured to integrate with (e.g., attach to) attachment segments provided on first and second pads of the crotch support. The first and second pads, each constructed with buoyant bodies enclosed in a fabric shell/sleeve/enclosure, are positioned on opposite sides of a central body that is intended to fit between an individual's legs. As with the first pad, which is configured to attach to an attachment segment provided on the flexible body, and the second pad, which is configured to attach to an attachment segment on one of the flanks, the central body is constructed with a buoyant body. Together, the arms, lower torso support, and the crotch support are configured to fit on to an individual and, due to the configuration of incorporated buoyant bodies, safely and comfortably maintain the individual in an upright position during aquatic applications without the assistance of others.

FIGS. 1A-1C illustrate an exemplary flotation system 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the flotation system 100 includes a vest 110 and a crotch support 170. The vest 110 includes a lower torso support 120 and an upper torso stabilization system 150 (“stabilization system 150”). As recited herein, upper and lower torso generally refer to upper and lower regions of a human torso (or trunk as may be referred to interchangeable herein), and the muscles and bones included therein (e.g., spinal column, sternum, ribs, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, etc.). Accordingly, the elements referred to herein as the lower torso support 120 and stabilization system 150, either directly or indirectly provide support for, contact, and/or stabilize various physiological components of a human torso, at least in a region of the torso corresponding to a respective name (i.e., lower or upper) of that particular element.

FIG. 1B, unless otherwise indicated, will be referenced to describe the lower torso support 120. The lower torso support 120 includes an interior surface 122, a top edge 126, a bottom edge 128 (FIG. 1A), and a flexible body 130. An exterior surface 124 and the bottom edge 128 of the lower torso support 120 are also identified in FIG. 1C.

Referring back to FIG. 1B, the flexible body 130 of the lower torso support 120 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 100. A portion of the interior surface 122 corresponding to the flexible body 130 may include an interior attachment segment (not shown—hereafter referred as “IAS”). An exterior attachment segment 133 (not shown—hereafter referred as “EAS”) may be provided on the exterior surface 124 in a location corresponding to a location of the IAS 131. A first flank 134 extends from one end of the flexible body 130 and includes a first flank attachment segment 135 (“FFAS 135”) provided on the exterior surface 124. A second flank 136 extends from an opposite side of flexible body 130 and includes a second flank interior attachment segment 137 (not shown—hereafter referred to as “SFIAS”) attached to the interior surface 122, and a second flank exterior attachment segment 139 (“SFEAS 139”) provided on the exterior surface 124.

FIG. 1B shows top edge portions of a body grip 140 and a flank grip 142 that are provided on opposite sides of each transition region 144 (also shown in FIG. 1A) between an end of the flexible body 130 and a respective one of the first flank 134 and the second flank 136. Each body grip 140 is attached to the flexible body 130 at or near the top edge 126 and the bottom edge 128 of the lower torso support 120. Attachment to the bottom 128 for the body grips 140, as well as a body of the body grips 140, is best shown in FIG. 1C. Referring back to FIG. 1B, each flank grip 142 is attached to a respective one of the first flank 134 and the second flank 134, at or near the top edge 126 and the bottom edge 128. Attachment to the bottom 128 for the body grips 142, as well as a body of one flank grip 142, is best shown in FIG. 1C.

FIG. 1C, unless otherwise indicated, will be referenced to describe the stabilization system 150, which includes a first arm 152 and a second arm 152 (“arms 152”). It is noted that the FIG. 1C illustrates a rear view of the flotation system 100. Each of the arms 152 extends from the top edge 126 between the transition regions 144 of the flexible body 130. More specifically, each arm 152 is positioned between a center of the flexible body 130 and a respective one of the first flank 134 and the second flank 136. Each arm 152 includes a proximal end 154 attached to the lower torso support 120, a distal end 156, and an arm attachment segment 155 (also identified in FIG. 1A) provided on a surface of the arm 152 between the proximal end 154 and the distal end 156. In addition, each arm 152 includes an arm extension 158 that extends from a respective distal end 156. An extension attachment segment (not shown) may be provided on each arm extension 158 for attachment with a respective one of the arm attachment segments 155 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. Each arm 152 may include a flap 162 that extends from the arm 152 towards the other arm 152. Flap attachment segments 163 (not shown) may be provided on an interior surface of one flap 162, and an exterior surface of the other flap 162. The arms 152 may be attached together by a lateral body 166 that includes a lateral grip 168 on an exterior facing side of the lateral body 166.

With further reference to FIG. 1C, the crotch support 170 includes a first pad 172 and a second pad 174 extending from opposite ends of a central body 176. A first elastic band 180 and a second elastic band 182 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the first pad 172. Each of the first and second elastic bands 180, 182 includes a band body 184 that is attached to the first pad 172 and terminates with a band end 186. The band end 186 of the first elastic band 180 includes an interior surface provided with a first band attachment segment 187, which is identified in FIG. 1B. The first band attachment segment 187 is configured to attach to the first and third flank attachment segments 135, 139 of the first and second flanks 134, 136, and/or a second band attachment segment 189 provided on an exterior surface of the band end 186 of the second elastic band 182.

In one example, the elastic bands are formed from an elastic material that knit, braided, or folded over. In general, any of the elastic bands discussed herein may be formed a series of rubber (or stretchable synthetic, such as spandex) cores that are bound or wrapped in polyester, cotton, nylon or a blend of fiber threads. Exterior threads for the material of the elastic bands may be braided, woven, or knit together.

A first pad attachment segment (not shown) is provided on an interior of the first pad 172 and configured to attach to the EAS provided on the exterior surface 124 in the area of the flexible body 130. In addition, the second pad may be provided with a second pad attachment segment configured to attach to the FFAS 135 of the first flank 134 or the SFEAS 139 of the second flank 136.

As defined herein, an attachment segment includes a layer of interlocking material, such as hook and loop fastener material, that is capable of being fastened (e.g. stitched, glued, molded) to a surface of any component of the flotation system 100 (i.e. a surface of the lower torso support 120, the arms 152, or the first or second pad 174, 174). A layer of interlocking material enabling a given component on which it is fastened, to remain attached to another component that includes a layer of interlocking material that positionally opposes the layer on the given component. Alternatively, an attachment segment may be defined as a surface of a component of the flotation system 100 that is formed from (i.e. is itself a layer of) an interlocking material.

Each buoyant body, such as those incorporated in the torso support 120, the arms 152, or the crotch support 170, can be formed of one or a combination of buoyant materials. In one example, each buoyant body can be constructed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. In another example, a buoyant body of each of the arms has a circular cross-section; a buoyant body of the central body may have a circular cross-section; and a buoyant body of the first pad, the second pad, and the flexible body may each have a respective rectangular cross-section.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate front and rear views of an implementation of the flotation system 100, and are provided to explain how components of the flotation system 100 interact with a user 200 wearing the system 100.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the lower torso support 120 is wrapped around the user 200 around a transition area traversing the user's waist line 202 and a portion of the user's lower torso 204. The second pad 174 of the crotch support 170 is attached to the lower torso support 120, and the first and second elastic bands 180, 182 are wrapped over the first and second flanks 134, 136 of the lower torso support 120. The first and second elastic bands 180, 182 can be attached to each other or the second pad 174.

When placed on the user 200, the first and second flanks 134, 136 can be pulled tight to snuggly fit around the user 200, and this alone can result in a moderate compressive force being applied to a region of the user including the lower torso 202. This compressive force is significantly amplified by stretching the first and second bands 180, 182 around the first and second flanks 134, 136 and attaching band ends 186 to each other, the second pad 174, or attachment segments provided on the flanks 134, 136.

The first and second bands 180, 182 exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on the buoyant body provided in the flexible body 130, and the first and second flanks 134, 136. This compressive force is in turn, distributed across surface areas of these components, and thus applied over a corresponding surface area of the user 200 which includes the lumbar region of the user's back, as well as rectus abdominus and external oblique muscles of the user's core. As recited herein, the term core means a human core and includes all the muscle groups that are well known in the art, including the medical field, to be part of the human core (e.g., pelvic floor, rectus abdominus, erector spinae, internal and external obliques, etc.). In addition, the second pad 174, being pressed against the user 200 also applies an inward compressive force on the rectus abdominus portion of the user's core. As explained with reference to FIG. 2B, the force applied by the second pad 174 is coupled with a diametrically opposed force applied by first pad 172 on a lumbar region of the user's back.

As noted above, portions of the user's core, and portions of the user's torso, which includes a lower region of the torso comprising a lower back, are subject to compressive forces respectively applied by: the second pad 174; the first and second flanks 134, 136 amplified by the first and second bands 180, 182; and the first pad 172. These compressive forces: (A) stabilize portions of a user's core and trunk relative to each other; and, (B) lock a user's trunk and hips relative to (i) each other, and (ii) a transverse body plane. Thus, the lower torso support 120 and first and second pads 172, 174 essentially compress the above-mentioned parts or areas of an individual into a more unified or solid portion of the individual's body. As a result, balance shifting effects to an individual's center of gravity due to movements of, or external forces applied to, parts of the user's body above and below the lower torso support 120, may be reduced, especially for an individual who has poor trunk control and/or core strength.

An individual is likely to experience the balance shifting forces internally (e.g., when an appendage is moved) during aquatic and non-aquatic activities. However, generation of such an internal force during an aquatic activity, for example through moderate leg movement, can be coupled with the generation of dynamic external forces, which may be applied to a user via, e.g., a wave. An advantage of the lower torso support 120 and first and second pads 172, 174, is that the individual's hips, bilateral stabilizers, and portions of the individual's core and torso are held together as a unit, and relative to each other, more securely. In turn, these parts of the individual are together, more stable and resistive to the potential balance shifting effects of the above-mentioned external forces. As one ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such external forces, whether a result of internal forces or by some other means within a body of water, may be applied bilaterally in horizontal or vertical directions.

The central body 176 of the crotch support 170 further supports and stabilizes the hips relative to the trunk of a user. In particular, the crotch support 170 can be sized relative to the user 200 such that when the second pad 174 is attached to the first and second flanks 134, 136, an upward force is applied to the crotch 206. Accordingly, the upward force further locks the hips and trunk together along sagittal and coronal body planes and relative to the transverse body plane, and thereby increases the stabilizing effects of the lower torso support 120 and the first and second pads 172, 174. Further, during aquatic activities, the buoyant body within the central body 176 applies an upward buoyant force to the crotch 206 of the user 200.

The lower torso support 120 is secured to the lower torso 204 in a substantially stationary position due to the combination of: (1) the radial compressive forces applied by the first and second flanks 134, 136 and bands 180, 182; and (2) the arrangement of the crotch support 170 extending between the user's legs 208 in contact with the crotch 206, coupled with having two points of attachment with the lower torso support 120. Thus, as explained in further detail herein, the combination of the lower torso support 120 and the crotch support 170 provides a substantially fixed base from which the stabilization system 150 extends and further stabilizes a trunk of a user such as the user 200 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

As previously noted, the stabilization system 150 includes the arms 152 that are configured to extend over the user's shoulders and traverse the upper and lower torso 202, 204. As shown in FIG. 2B, the arms 152 are attached to, and extend from, the flexible body 130 at one end, and include the arm extensions 158 at respective opposite ends. Each arm extension 158 extends: (A) from a portion of a respective arm 152 including an end of a respective buoyant body; (B) across the lower torso 204; (C) behind and around the lower torso support 120; and (D) upwards in front of the lower torso support 120 in order to attach to a respective arm attachment segment 155. The combination of the lower torso support 120 and the crotch support 170 is a substantially fixed position relative to the user 200. Thus, the combination provides a type of anchor such that the arm extensions 158 can be used to apply, and modify, inwardly directed compressive forces on both sides of the users upper and lower torsos 202, 204 (the user's trunk), as well as a downwardly directed force on the user's shoulders.

More specifically, each arm extension 158 includes an attachment segment that in one example, can correspond to a size of the arm attachment segment 155. As a result, each arm extension 158 can be pulled up in front of the first or second flanks 134, 136 and securely attached to one of multiple locations of a corresponding arm attachment segment 155. The degree to which each arm extension 158 is pulled tight and attached to an arm attachment segment 155 determines, and can be modified to apply a desired magnitude of, the compressive and downward forces applied by the arms 152.

The downward force applied to the shoulders by the arms 152 is of particular significance for stabilizing the trunk of the user. The arms 152 act to further lock upper and lower regions of the torso (e.g., upper (cervical) and lower (thoracic) portions of the spine) relative to each other, and to lock the trunk as a whole to the user's hips (as combined with the lower torso and crotch supports 120, 170). More generally speaking, the flotation system 100 causes the user's hips, lower torso 202, and upper torso 204 to be more securely engaged with one another and, as a unit, more compact. Because the physical in

ter- and intra-engagements of the user's trunk, hips, and core are more secure, stability of a user's trunk is significantly increased to the extent that externally applied forces (for example from a wave), or movements of the user's appendages, whether or not voluntary, are substantially less likely to: (A) cause portions of the trunk around the immediately affected or connected area to shift; (B) trigger uncontrollable core movements; or (C) otherwise cause a musculoskeletal chain reaction in the user that ultimately throws the user's balance completely off.

The position of the arms 152 in the area of the upper torso 202 can be adjusted using the flaps 162 illustrated in FIG. 2A. The benefits of the versatility provided by the flaps 162 is threefold. First, the ability to move the lateral position of portions of the arms 152 relative to the user 200 can be utilized to increase the user's comfort. Second, the inward forces applied by the arms in the user's chest region can be modified and optimized. Third, where the user does not have sufficient neck control to be able hold the user's head up for either long or short periods of time, the arms can be brought close together such that a user could potential rest their chin on arms 152, and avoid a situation in which their head may move to where the user's chin contacts their chest.

FIG. 2B illustrates a rear view of the flotation system 100 as worn by the user 200. As shown, the lower torso support 120 is wrapped around the user's waist and lower torso 204, with the first pad 172 of the crotch support 170 attached to an attachment segment provided on an exterior surface of the lower torso support 120. The first and second elastic bands 180, 182 are attached to a center of the first pad 172, and extend in opposite directions around the lower torso support 120. As noted above, the first and second elastic bands 180, 182 amplify the radial compressive force being applied to a corresponding region of the user's core and torso. FIG. 2B further illustrates the arms 152 of the stabilization system 150 as being attached to and extending from the top edge 122 of the flexible body 130. The arms 152 are connected together by the laterally extending the cross-arm connector 166.

Also shown in FIG. 2B are the cross-arm grip 168, and the body grip 140. The first elastic band 180 is passed through between the body grip 140 and first flank 134. The body grips 140 and the cross-arm grip 168 are provided in order to provide a caregiver with a safe means for directing the movement of a user such as the user 200, during aquatic and non-aquatic activities.

The combination of buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 130, arms 152, first and second pads 172, 174, and the central body 176 is configured to maintain a user wearing the flotation system 100 in an upright position while in a body of water, whether the user is moving his or her arms or legs, or the aquatic environment is static (e.g., no waves or other water fluctuations) or non-static (e.g., externally generated waves). This accomplished in part by the upward flotational support provided circumferentially around and below and the user's torso by the flexible body 130, the first and second pads 172, 174, and the central body 176. In particular, the second pad 174 and the flexible body 130 together provide upward flotational support that is substantially uniform immediately around the user's lower torso. The central body 176 supports the user directly from below as it extends between the user legs. As a result of the configuration of the first and second pads 172, 174 and the flexible body 130, motion of the user to one lateral side or another will be counteracted by the buoyant bodies in those components.

The other component contributing to the user remaining upright is the configuration of buoyant bodies within the arms 152. More specifically, in use, the buoyant bodies in the arms 152 will extend over the user's shoulders: (A) to at least a location in front of the user's chest on a front side; and (B) over a length along the user's back that corresponds to a vertical extent of the cervical spine and substantially all of a vertical extent of a thoracic spine of the user. Accordingly, the buoyant bodies on the front and back side of the user will counteract the forward or backward motion of the user's upper torso that could cause the user, without the arms 152, to tip over and be submerged below a surface level of the water. It will also be understood that the lower torso and crotch supports 120, 170 contribute to this directional stability.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a flotation system 300 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In addition to the the structural features of the flotation system 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1A-2B, each of a first and second flank 134, 136 includes a first transition loop 302 attached to a respective top edge, and a second transition loop 304 attached to a respective bottom edge. With the flotation system 300, the arm extensions 158 can be passed through the first and second transition loops 302, 304, instead of, or in addition to, being passed between a user an interior surface of a respective one of the first and second flanks 134, 136. It will be noted that in FIG. 3, portions of the arm extensions 158 that extend vertically between a respective pair of first and second transition loops 302, 304 are illustrated. Ends of the arm extensions that would be turned up and attached to respective arm attachment segments 155 have been omitted in order to show the first and second transition loops.

Advantages provided by the first and second transition loops 302, 304 include ease of implementing the stabilization system 150 and being able to accommodate wider range of user size. With the transition loops 302, 304, there is not a need to run the arms 152 over a user and in front of the user's waist before wrapping the flanks around the user, or to try and stuff the arm extensions 158 between the lower torso support 120 and the user and pull the arm extensions 158 below a bottom edge. Rather, the lower torso and crotch supports 120, 170 can be placed on the user and the arm extensions subsequently and easily pulled through and around the exposed and easily accessible transition loops 302, 304. In addition, only one transition loop is required for being passed through for a full implementation of the flotation device 300. Accordingly, the flotation device 300 can be used by individuals of varying torso lengths. Those with longer torsos can use the first transition loop 302 for longer or taller configurations of the stabilization system 150, whereas smaller individuals with shorter torsos can pass the arm extensions 158 through the second transition loops 304, thereby taking up more of any potential slack in the arm extensions 158. Still further, individuals with intermediate sized torsos may use the second transition loops 304 in order more tightly fit the stabilization system 150, and increase the forces applied, to their torso.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an exemplary flotation system 400 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the flotation system 400 includes a vest 410 and a crotch support 470.

The vest 410 includes a lower torso support 420 and an upper torso stabilization system 450 (“stabilization system 450”). The lower torso support 420 includes a top edge 426, a bottom edge 428, a flexible body 430, a first flank 434, and a second flank 436. An exterior attachment segment 433 (“EXAS 433”) is provided on an exterior surface 424 of the flexible body 430. As with the flexible body 130 of the flotation device 100, the flexible body 430 of the lower torso support 420 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 400. A portion of the interior surface corresponding to the flexible body 430 may include an interior attachment segment (not shown). Elements of the stabilization system are described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6.

As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the crotch support 470 includes first and second pads 472, 474 extending from respective sides of a central body 476. A first elastic band 480 and a second elastic band 482 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the first pad 472. Each of the first and second elastic bands 480, 482 includes a band body 484 that is attached to the first pad 472, and terminates with a first band end 486 and a second band end 488, respectively. The first band end 486 includes an interior surface provided with a first band attachment segment (not shown) configured to attach to: (1) a second band attachment segment 489 provided on an exterior surface of the second band end 488; and/or (2) first and third flank attachment segments 535, 539 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B) respectively provided on the first and second flanks 434, 436. A pad loop 490 may be attached to the first pad 470, and a pad grip 492 may be attached to the second pad 474.

In one example, the second pad 474 can include a pair of loops attached to an exterior surface of the second pad 474 on opposite sides of the second pad grip 492. Each of these loops can be provided with a female buckle member of a side release buckles. Further, each of the first flank 434 and the second flank 436, or each transition region 444, or each portion of the flexible body between the EXAS 433 and a respective body grip 540 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B), can include a strap with: (1) a first end attached in some manner to a respective flank, transition region, or portion of the flexible body; and (2) a second end that is threaded through a cross-bar of a male buckle member of a side-release buckle. The strap can extend from a location on the lower torso support 420 that is equidistant from the top edge 426 and bottom edge 428. Further, the male buckle member can be configured to interlock with a respective female buckle member attached to the second pad 474. It will be understood that the strap may include some slack that extends through a respective crossbar, and can be pulled to tighten a fit of the lower torso support 420 and the crotch support 470 around an individual wearing the flotation system 400.

FIGS. 5A and 5B provide enlarged views of the first flank 434 and the second flank 436 respectively. As shown, an external surface of the first flank 434 is provided with a first flank attachment segment 535 (“FFAS 535”). An external surface of the second flank 436 is provided with a second flank exterior attachment segment 539 (“SFEAS 539”), and an internal surface of the second flank 436 is provided with a second flank interior attachment segment (not shown) that is configured to be attached to the FFAS 535.

A body grip 540 and a first flank grip 542 are provided on opposite sides of each transition region 444 (also shown in FIG. 4A) that extends between an end of the flexible body 430 and a respective one of the first flank 434 and the second flank 436. Each body grip 440 is attached to the flexible body 430 at or near the top edge 426 and the bottom edge 428 of the lower torso support 420. Likewise, each first flank grip 542 is attached to a respective one of the first flank 434 and the second flank 436, at or near the top edge 426 and the bottom edge 428. In addition, a first transition loop 546 is attached to a region of the top edge 426 overlapping with each transition region 440, and a second transition loop 548 is attached to each corresponding region of the bottom edge 428 of the lower torso support 420. The first flank 434 also includes a second flank grip 550 attached to a respective region of the top edge 426 of the lower torso support 420.

FIG. 6 illustrates an enlarged view of a stabilization system 450 corresponding to the detail of the same designation in FIG. 4A. As shown, the stabilization system 450 includes a a first arm 652 and a second arm 52 (hereafter “arm 652” or “arms 652”), each with a proximal end 654 attached to a respective region of the top edge 426 corresponding with the flexible body 430. A buoyant body (e.g., foam or other buoyant material formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid) is in enclosed in a fabric shell between the proximal end 654 and a distal end 656 of each arm 652. An arm attachment segment 655 (“AAS 655”) is provided on each arm 652 adjacent to a respective distal end 656.

The arms 652 are linked by a cross-arm connector 665 provided between the proximal and distal ends 654, 656. The cross-arm connector 665 provides a component that can be handled by a caregiver to help a user move as part of aquatic activities. A cross-arm grip 668 provided on the cross-arm connector 665 can also be used for this purpose. Alternatively, the cross-arm grip 668 can be utilized as a connection point between the flotation device 400 and another element, for example a strap or a strap attached to a secondary flotation device, via a carabiner for example.

As shown in FIG. 6, an arm extension strap 658 (“extension strap 658”) is attached to the distal end 656 of each arm 652. In addition, a rear spread adjustor 680 is wrapped around, and can be adjusted to press together, the arms 652 in a location between the cross-arm connector 665 and the distal ends 656. The arm extension straps 658 and the rear spread adjuster 680 are described in more detail with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged view of a portion of the stabilization system 450 corresponding to the detail of the same designation in FIG. 6. Each extension strap 658 includes an extension body 702 and an extension end 704. An extension attachment segment is provided on each extension end 702 and configured to attach to a corresponding arm attachment segment 655. The rear spread adjustor 680 may include an elastic band. In another example, the rear spread adjustor 680 can include a fabric band with attachment segments that enable a size of a loop created upon attachment to be change so that a degree that the arm 652 are pressed together can be adjusted.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate perspective views of an implementation of the flotation system 400 as a primary flotation device (hereafter referred to as “primary device 400”) of a flotation system 800. The flotation system 800 is worn by a user, and in addition to the primary device 400, includes, inter alia, first and second connector straps 890, 894, and secondary flotation devices 898. The primary device 400 is a version of the flotation system 400 illustrated in FIGS. 4A-7B, that additionally includes a cross-strap system 860, and, instead of the rear spread adjustor 680 previously described, includes a rear spread adjustor 880. The rear spread adjustor 880 is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 9A-13B.

The cross-strap system 860 includes a first cross-strap 862 and a second cross-strap (hereafter “cross-strap 862” or “cross-straps 862”). Each cross-strap 862 includes an arm loop 862 for adjustably positioning the cross-strap 862 on a respective arm 652, a strap body 864 that extends from the arm loop 862, and a strap end 866. In practice, the strap body 864 and strap end 866 are:

-   -   (1) run from the arm loop 862 positioned on a first one of the         arms 652;     -   (2) run across a chest of the user;     -   (3) one of (i) wrapped around an extension body 702 of second         one of the arms 652, or (ii) wrapped around a portion of the a         flank of the lower torso support 420 in an area of the extension         body 702, or (iii) run through one of the first and second         transition loops 546, 548—the engagement with the extension body         702, the particular flank, or the particular transition loop         defining a first strap body anchor 864-1     -   (4) turned upward and back across the chest of the user towards         the same arm loop 862;     -   (5) through a strap loop 870 that is provide around and/or         attached to a portion of the strap body 864 immediately         extending from the arm loop 862;     -   (6) around the strap loop 870—the engagement with the strap loop         870 defining a second strap body anchor 864-2;     -   (7) a remaining portion of the cross-strap 862 downstream of the         second strap body anchor 864-2 includes the strap end 866 which         is run back across the chest of the user towards the first strap         body anchor 864-1; and     -   (8) an attachment segment provided on the strap end 866 is         attached to an attachment segment provided on the strap body         864. This attachment segment can be provided on any or all         portions of the strap body 864 such that it can be accessed by,         and attached to, the attachment segment provided on the strap         end 866.

As illustrated in FIG. 8A, when fully implemented, the cross-straps define an X-shaped configuration 872 (“X-configuration 872”) that traverses a torso of the user. This is significant because if the center of the X-configuration 872, where the cross-straps 862 cross one another, is pulled, the arms 652, the lower torso support 420, and the crotch support 470, will all be pulled inward. This has the effect of increasing the compressive force each component applies on the body of the user. In other words, pulling on this X-configuration 872 as described, in effect, tightens and makes the primary device 400 more securely fitted on the user. Thus, moving the user forwards, for example to perform an aquatic therapy exercise, or upwards, for example during a water rescue from an aerial vehicle like a helicopter, by the pulling the X-configuration 872, is a safe method of maneuvering an individual such as the user in FIGS. 8A and 8B.

A secondary flotation device 898-1 is also illustrated in FIG. 8A. Although the secondary flotation device 898-1 can be gripped by the user as appears to be the case in FIG. 8A, if the user were to release the secondary flotation device 898-1, it would remain in relatively the same position with respect to the user's hands. This is because the first connector strap 890 includes loops respectively positioned around portions of the secondary flotation device 898-1 and each wrist of the user. In addition, an end of the first connector strap 890 may be attached or looped around the pad grip 492 of the crotch support 470. As noted above, the primary flotation device 400 is configured to, without any additional equipment or assistance from a caregiver, maintain an individual such as the user, in an upright position when in a body of water. However, should the user not have, or only have limited, use of their arms, aquatic activities may be difficult, impractical, or limited in number. Accordingly, the secondary flotation device 898-1 may be provided so that the user's arms are supported in the water. This may allow for more activities and increase the comfort and confidence of the user while in the water.

FIG. 8B illustrates a rear perspective view of the flotation system 800. As shown, the flotation system 800 includes a second connector strap 894 attached to the pad loop 490 on one end, and attached to another secondary flotation device 898-2 at an opposite end. With the secondary flotation device 898-2 attached to the second connector strap 894, legs of the user can be supported during aquatic activities. More specifically, the user may be leaned backwards so that the user's chest faces upwards, and the secondary flotation device 898-2 can be placed under the user's ankles, calves, or back of the user's knees. Thus, while a user is in a supine position relative to a plane coinciding with a surface level of the water, their legs can be supported for flotation by the secondary flotation device 898-2 at the same time as their torso is supported for flotation by the primary flotation device 400.

Supported for flotation with respect to the torso means that at least a mouth of an individual is not submerged and is substantially maintain above a surface level of a body of water in which the individual is located. Supported for flotation with respect to a user's legs means that portions of the user's legs that are directly in contact with the secondary flotation device 898-2 (particularly the portions of the user's legs at or below the user's knees) are at, just below, or just above the surface level of the water. As a result, the user's thighs may be maintained in a substantially horizontal orientation, thereby avoiding putting any undue stress on the user's hips or lower back during aquatic activities involving the user being in a supine position.

It will be understood that the end of the second connector strap 894 that is attached to the secondary flotation device 898-2 may instead be attached to other portions of the primary flotation device 400. For example, this end of the second connector strap 894 may be attached or looped around the cross-arm connector 665 or the cross-arm grip 668. In this configuration, as explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, the second connector strap 894 may be utilized by a caregiver to secure the user to the caregiver's back such that the caregiver can use his or her legs and back to support the weight of, and move, the user.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the rear spread adjustor 880 m, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown, the rear spread adjustor 880 is in the form of an L-shaped strap 900 that includes a lateral body 910 and a vertical body 920.

The lateral body 910 extends from a first end 912 to a second end 916. FIG. 9A shows a first side of the L-shaped strap 900. In contrast, FIG. 9B shows L-shaped strap 900 in a twisted state so as to show a portion of a second side on which a first lateral attachment segment 913 (“FLAS 913”) and a second lateral attachment segment 915 (“SLAS 915”) are positioned. In particular the FLAS 913 is positioned in an area corresponding to the first end 912, and the SLAS 915 is positioned on the lateral body 910 in a location adjacent to the first end 912. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a third lateral attachment segment 917 (“TLAS 917”) is provided on the first side of the L-shaped strap 900 in an area corresponding to the second end 916.

The vertical body 920 extends perpendicularly from a location of the lateral body 910 proximate to the second end 916, and defines a third end 922 of the L-shaped strap 900. A first vertical attachment segment 921 (“FVAS 921”—see FIG. 10) and a second vertical attachment segment 923 (“SVAS 923”) are provided on the vertical body 920. The SVAS 923 is provided on the first side of the vertical body 920 over an area corresponding to the third end 922 of the L-shaped trap 900 that defines the rear spread adjustor 880. As shown in FIG. 10 and FIGS. 11A-11D, the FVAS 921 is provided on the second side of the L-shaped strap 900 over an area that is between the third end 922 and a junction between the vertical body 920 and the lateral body 910.

FIG. 10 illustrates a front perspective view of the rear spread adjustor 880 implemented on the arms 652 of the stabilization system 450. As illustrated, the lateral body 910 is wrapped around the outside of both arms 652. The TLAS 917, provided on the second end 916 and facing the user, is attached to portions of the FLAS 913 and the SLAS 915, which are provided on and adjacent to the first end 912, and face away from the user. In addition, the vertical body 920 is threaded between the arms 652, and behind the portion of the lateral body 910 closest to the user's back (i.e., between the user's back and a portion of the lateral body 910 that would otherwise be in contact with the user's back). Further, the vertical body 920 is pulled away from the user, threaded back between the arms 652, and run underneath the lateral body 910. In addition, the SVAS 923 (not shown), provided on the third end 922, is attached to the FVAS 921. As will be explained in reference to FIGS. 11A-11D, the vertical body 920 can be pulled to close the gap between portions of the lateral body 910 that face another and extend between the arms 652.

FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate perspective views of successive stages for applying or adjusting of the rear spread adjustor 880 according to a first configuration. In FIG. 11A, the lateral body 910 has been wrapped around the arms 652, and an attachment between the TLAS 917 and the SLAS 915 is almost complete such that only a corner of the TLAS 917 is visible. The vertical body 920 is in the process of being run between the arms 652 but is yet to be run between the user and the portion of the lateral body 910 in contact with a back of the user.

FIG. 11B shows the vertical body 920 having been run behind a portion of the lateral body 910 previously in contact with the back of the user, and about to be pulled upward in order to attach the SVAS 923 provided on the third end 922 to the FVAS 921. FIG. 11C shows a further progression of this upward wrapping movement of the third end 922 towards the FVAS 921. It will be understood that a portion of the vertical body 920 that is between the lateral body 910 and the user's back may be in contact with the user's back depending on how far or tight the vertical body 920 is pulled prior to an attachment to the FVAS 921 as shown in FIG. 11D.

Pulling the vertical body 920 tighter so that the third end 922 progresses further (is wrapped more) around the combination of the portions of the lateral body 910 that face one another in a location between the arms 652, causes the gap between these portions of the lateral body 910 and the space between the arms 652 to close. This not only causes the arms 652 to be pulled on the front and back of the user's torso, but pinches the arms 652 together just below the user's neck. In effect, this location where a horizontal distance between the arms 652 is at a minimum, can provide a stop, or resting area, that prevents a user's head from continuing backward in an abrupt, uncontrolled, awkward, and/or painful movement. Accordingly, should the user lack neck strength and adequate control head movement, the rear spread adjustor 880 can be provided, located, and adjusted to minimize a range of motion for uncontrolled/uncontrollable head movements.

In one example, a person other than the user may place the rear spread adjustor 880 on the arms 652 after the primary flotation device 400 is put on a user. In another example, the actions occurring during the stages described with reference to FIGS. 11A-11D, may be executed by a user or someone other than the user, before the primary flotation device 400 is worn by the user. In this situation, the vertical body 920 can be loosely wrapped around the arms 652 as desired. Once the primary flotation device 400 is placed on a user, a person other than the user may detach the SVAS 923 provided on the third end 922 from the FVAS 921 and adjust the spread between the arms 652. Adjustment can be accomplished by pulling the vertical body 920 tighter or allowing it to loosen before reattaching the SVAS 923 to the FVAS 921.

In one example the rear spread adjustor 880 can include a male buckle member of a side-release buckle at the first end 912 and a female buckle member at the second end 916. These features may be provided instead of the FLAS 913, the SLAS 915, and the TLAS 917. Accordingly, a spread between the arms 652, in this example, may be adjusted by pulling portions of the lateral body 910 threaded through and extending out of cross bars of the male and/or female buckle members.

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the rear spread adjustor 880 implemented with a vest in a second configuration. In the second figuration, the vertical body can be wrapped around just the portion of the lateral body 910 where the first end 912 is attached to the second end 916. More specifically, the vertical body 920 is wrapped immediately just around the attached portions of the lateral body 910 that extend between the arms 652 on the outside of the arms 652 (rather than the portion of the lateral body 910 that is between the inner surfaces of the arms 652 and a user's back). This configuration may be used with large individuals with broad shoulders, or excessively wide necks to thereby strengthen an attachment between the first end 912 and the second end 916. In practice, the vertical body is wrapped around just the attached portions of the first and second ends 912, 916 that correspond to the location of the junction between the lateral body 910 and the vertical body 920 as can be understood with reference to FIG. 13B.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate elevation views of successive stages for a removal or an adjustment of the rear spread adjustor 880 arranged in the second configuration. FIG. 13A, provides an enlarged view of FIG. 12 and shows the vertical body 920 fully wrapped around just those portions of the lateral body 910 where the first end 912 is attached to the second end 916 and which correspond to a location of the junction between the lateral body 910 and the vertical body 920. In this position, even if portions of the SLAS 915 FIG and the FLAS 913 were detached from the TLAS 917 (e.g., portions to the left and right of the vertical body 920), the first end 912 would not detach from the second end 916 because they would be held attached together by the vertical body 920. FIG. 13B illustrates the vertical body 920 after it has been unwrapped from the position illustrated in FIG. 13A. With the vertical body 920 detached from itself, the first end 912 can easily be detached from the second end 916.

FIG. 14 illustrates a top perspective view of the crotch support 470 with first and second connector straps 890, 894 attached thereto. As shown, the first connector strap 890 is attached to the crotch support 470 at the pad grip 492 that extends across the second pad 474. As discussed in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15A and 15B, the first connector strap 890 is attached to a respective secondary flotation device 898 at two locations. The second connector strap 490 is connected to the crotch support 470 at the pad loop 490, spaced apart from a location from where both the first and second elastic bands 480, 482 extend. As shown, the second connector strap 894 is connected to a respective secondary flotation device 898 at one location.

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate front elevation views of the first connector strap 890. As shown, the first connector strap 890 includes: a head 1500 having a body with ends that are connected to intermediate portions of the body at first connection points 1520 to define a closed space (hereafter referred to as “first sub-strap loop 1522”); a head loop 1502 that extends through the first sub-strap loop 1522; and two sub-straps 1510 that extend from the head 1500 proximate to the connection points 1520.

The head loop 1502 is run through the first sub-strap loop 1522 and pad grip 492, and thereby attaches the first connector strap 890 to the second pad 472. In one example, the head loop 1502 may be a strap with opposing attachment segments such that the head loop 1502 can be detached from the pad grip 492 and/or the head 1500. In another example, a strap is run through both the pad grip 492 and the first sub-strap loop 1522, and ends of this strap are sewn together to define the head loop 1502.

Each sub-strap 1510 includes a first sub-strap body 1524 that extends from the first connection points 1520. An end of each first sub-strap body 1524 is connected to an intermediate portion of the first sub-strap body 1524 at a second connection point 1526, and defines a closed space (“second sub-strap loop 1528”). As shown, the secondary flotation device 898 has been extend through, and can be removed from, each of the second sub-strap loops 1528.

Each sub-strap 1510 further includes a second sub-strap body 1540 that is attached to a respective first sub-strap body 1524 at a respective third connection point 1530. According to an aspect of the present disclosure each of the first, second, and third connection points 1520, 1526, 1530 may be constructed with stitching or reinforcement stitching.

The second sub-strap body 1540 includes detachable first and second strap portions 1542, 1544. A first portion attachment segment 1543 (“FPAS 1543”) is provided on an end of the first strap portion 1542. A second portion attachment segment 1545 (“SPAS 1545”) configured to attach to a respective FPAS 1543 is provided on an end of each second strap portion 1544. When attached, the first and second strap portions 1524, 1544 define a third sub-strap loop 1550. Each third sub-strap loop 1550 can be formed around a respective wrist of a user by wrapping the first and second strap portions 1542, 1544 around the wrist and attaching the FPAS 1543 to the SPAS 1545. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that at least a size of each third sub-strap loop 1550 can be adjusted to accommodate wrist sizes of various users.

The combination of the first, second, and third sub-strap loops 1522, 1528, 1550 respectively ensure that the first connector strap remains attached to the primary flotation device 400 (in conjunction with the pad grip 492), a respective secondary flotation device 898, and wrists of a user. As a result, during aquatic activities, the secondary flotation device 898 attached to the first strap connector 890 remains within the grip of a user, but more importantly always attached to the user's wrists. Accordingly, even if the user lacks control or sufficient dexterity in their hands and fingers to hold on to the secondary flotation device 898, their wrists will remain attached. Thus, their arms will remain supported for flotation, and located substantially at a surface level of a body of water where aquatic activities are being performed.

FIG. 16 illustrates a front elevation view of the second connector strap 890. As shown, the second connector strap 890 includes a first strap end 1610, which defines a first end loop 1612, and a second strap end 1620, which second end loop 1622. The first end loop 1612 is interlocked with the pad loop 490. In one example, the first end loop 1612 is defined with the first strap end 1610 being stitched to the body as shown. In another example, the first strap end 1610 may be detachably attached to a body of the second strap connector by attachment segments.

The second strap end 1620 similarly may be attached to the body of the second connector strap 894 by attachment segments to define the second end loop 1622 as shown. As a result, a size of the second end loop 1622 may adjusted to accommodate secondary flotation devices 898 of various sizes. In another example, the second end loop 1622 may be defined with the second strap end 1620 being stitched to the body of the second connector strap 894.

As previously noted, the second connector strap 894 in combination with a respective secondary flotation device 898, can be use to support the legs of a user. Accordingly, a user may be assisted by a caregiver to perform aquatic activities in a supine position without concern that the user's legs will sink and place the user in an awkward, or a painful, or a generally untenable/unsustainable position for aquatic activities.

FIG. 17 illustrates a rear view of the flotation system 800 including the second connector strap 894 attached in a harness configuration 1700. In one example, the first and second strap ends 1610, 1620 include attachment segments that can be arranged to form the first and second end loops 1612, 1622. In the illustrated example, the first end loop 1610 is interlocked with the pad loop 490. The first end loop 1612 is interlocked with the pad loop 490, e.g., a portion of the first strap end 1610 is run through and wrapped around the pad loop 490, and an attachment segment on that portion is attached to an attachment segment provided on another portion of the first strap end 1610 or the body of the second connector strap 894. Similarly, the second end loop 1622 can be interlocked with the cross-arm grip 668.

In another example, one or both of the first and second end loops 1612, 1622 may be formed respectively by the first and/or second strap end 1610, 1620 being stitched to the body of the second connector strap 894. In this example, whichever or both of the first and second loop ends 1612, 1622 defined by stitching, are attached to the pad loop 490 and/or the cross-arm grip 668 by a non-permanent fastening mechanism, such as a carabiner.

FIG. 18 illustrates an implementation of a flotation system, as embodied by the primary flotation device 400, together with the second connector strap 894 provided in the harness configuration 1700. As shown in FIG. 18, with the second connector strap 894 provided in the harness configuration 1700, a user 1800 wearing the primary flotation device 400 can be carried by a caregiver/first responder/person providing assistance 1802 (“caregiver 1802”). In particular, the caregiver 1802 may be able to place the second connector strap 894 across his or her torso from shoulder to hip, and support the weight of the user 1800 on his or her back. In an aquatic environment, the caregiver 1802 would be able to walk upright, and in effect tow the user 1800, or support the user 1800 on the caregiver's back, without concern for a head of the user 1800 moving below a surface level of the water. Out of the water, the caregiver 1802 would be able to carry the user 1800 as shown in FIG. 18.

Due to the compressive forces applied by the various components of the lower torso support, stabilization system, and crotch support 420, 450, 470, the primary flotation device 400 remains substantially stationary on the user 1800 even while being carried as shown in FIG. 18. There are several benefits of this feature. First, the configuration of applied compressive forces on the user 1800 may generally provide a therapeutic effect from a sensory perspective. As a result, for an individual that has a condition or general issues involving severe discomfort or frustration, stress, anxiety, or sensory overload when the individual moves or is assisted in moving, the primary flotation device 400 may help increase a comfort level and calm the individual. This is especially the case in situations like that illustrated in FIG. 18, where a caregiver is controlling substantially all aspects of the individual's movement from one location to another.

Another benefit of the primary flotation device 400 remaining substantially stationary on the user 1800 is that the various components of the device 400 will not move into positions that cause the user 1800 additional discomfort, affect circulation, or touch or interfere with a endotracheal tube (if present). In addition, because the user 1800 stays stationary relative to the primary flotation device 400, it is possible to for the caregiver 1802 to keep constant relative to himself or herself, the orientation of the combination of the user 1800 and the primary flotation device 400. Thus, shifting of the user 1800 relative to the caregiver 1802 is more easily controlled by the caregiver 1802, which in turn aids the caregiver in avoiding potential injury from sudden shifts in weight and/or being put in awkward positions.

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate an implementation of the flotation system 800, as provided by just the primary flotation device 400, in an aquatic environment. In FIG. 19A, a user 1900 is illustrated being supported for flotation in a body of water 1920 by the primary flotation device 400 that includes the vest 410, the crotch support 470, and the cross-strap system 860. As shown, an upper torso 1902 of the user 1900 is maintained above a surface level 1922 of the body of water 1920, and a lower torso 1904, portions the user's arms 1906, and a lower body 1908 are supported for flotation within the body of water 1920 below the surface level 1922. As illustrated, the user 1900 is maintained in an upright orientation.

As with the flotation system 100, a combination of buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 430, arms 652, first and second pads 472, 474, and the central body 476 of primary flotation device 400, is configured to maintain a user wearing the primary flotation device 400 while in a body of water, in an upright position whether the user is moving his or her arms or legs, or the aquatic environment is static (e.g., no waves or other water fluctuations) or non-static (e.g., externally generated waves).

This accomplished in part by the upward flotational support provided below and circumferential around and the user's torso by the flexible body 430, the first and second pads 472, 474, and the central body 476. In particular, the second pad 474 and the flexible body 430 together provide upward flotational support that is substantially uniform immediately around the user's lower torso 1904. The central body 476 supports the user directly from below as it extends between the user legs 1908. As a result of the configuration of the first and second pads 472, 474 and the flexible body 430, motion of the user to one lateral side or another will be counteracted by the buoyant bodies in those components.

The other component contributing to the user 1900 remaining upright is the configuration of buoyant bodies within the arms 652. More specifically, in use, the buoyant bodies in the arms 652 will extend over the user's shoulders: (A) to at least a location in front of the user's chest on a front side; and (B) over a length along the user's back that corresponds to a vertical extent of a cervical spine and substantially all of a vertical extent of a thoracic spine of the user. Portions of the buoyant bodies in the arms 652 positioned on the front and back side of the user will counteract the forward or backward motion of the user's upper torso that could cause the user, without the arms 652, to tip over and be submerged below a surface level of the water. It will also be understood that the lower torso and crotch supports 420, 470 contribute to this directional stability.

FIGS. 20A and 20B respectively illustrate front elevation and a rear perspective views of a flotation system 2000, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The flotation system 2000 includes a vest 2010 and a crotch support 2070. The vest 2010 includes a lower torso support 2020 and an upper torso stabilization system 2050 (“stabilization system 2050”).

The lower torso support includes an interior surface 2022 (see FIG. 24), an exterior surface 2024, a top edge 2026, a bottom edge 2028, and a flexible body 2230 (see FIG. 22). The flexible body 2230 is configured to fit around a back of an individual wearing the flotation system 2000.

The stabilization system 2050 includes a first arm 2052 and a second arm 2052 (hereafter “arms 2052” or “arm 2052”); each of the arms 2052 extends from the top edge 2026 of the flexible body 2230. Each arm 2052 includes a proximal end 2054 attached to the lower torso support 2020, a distal end 2056, and an arm attachment segment 2955 (see FIG. 29) provided on a surface of the arm 2052 between the proximal end 2054 and the distal end 2056. In addition, each arm 2052 includes an arm extension 2058 that extends from a respective distal end 2054. An extension attachment segment 2667 (see FIG. 26) may be provided on each arm extension 2058 for attachment with a respective one of the arm attachment segments 2955 as illustrated in FIG. 29. Each arm 2052 may be attached to a cross-strap system 2160 includes a first cross-strap 2162 and a second cross-strap 2162 (hereafter “cross-straps 2162” or “cross-strap 2162”) and extends across an upper torso of a user in an X-shaped configuration (“X-configuration”).

The crotch support 2070 includes a first pad 3272 and a second pad 3274 extending from opposite ends of a central body 3476 described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 34.

Each of the flexible body 2230, the arms 2052, the pads 3472, 3474, and central the body 3476 can include a buoyant body enclosed in a fabric shell of various configurations (e.g., stitching). The buoyant bodies incorporated in the torso support 2020, the arms 2052, or the crotch support 2070, can be formed of one or a combination of buoyant materials. In one example, each buoyant body can be constructed of a closed-cell buoyant material such as expanded polyurethane foam. In another example, a buoyant body of each of the arms 2052 has a circular cross-section; a buoyant body of the central body may have a circular cross-section; and buoyant bodies of the first pad, the second pad, and the flexible body may each have rectangular cross-sections.

As shown in FIG. 20A, a first connector strap 2090 can be attached to the crotch support 2070. The first connector strap 2090 can include wraps 2094 for securing the first connector strap 2090 to a user, for example, at the user's wrists. In addition, proximate to the wraps, portions of the first connector strap 2090 discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 29, may be utilized to wrap around at attach the first connector strap 2090 to a secondary flotation device 2098 at two locations.

As illustrated in FIG. 20B, the arms 2052 are linked by a cross-arm connector 2066 provided between the proximal and distal ends 2054, 2056. The cross-arm connector 2066 provides a component that can be handled by a caregiver to help a user move as part of aquatic activities. A cross-arm grip 2068 provided on the cross-arm connector 2066 can also be used for this purpose. Alternatively, the cross-arm grip 2068 can be utilized as a connection point between the flotation device 2000 and another element, for example a second connector strap 2096 as illustrated in FIG. 20B, or a strap attached to another secondary flotation device 2098.

In addition, the flotation system 2000 can include a rear spread adjustor 2080 wrapped around, and capable of being adjusted to press together, the arms 2052 in a location between the cross-arm connector 2066 and the distal ends 2056.

FIGS. 21A and 21B illustrate top perspective views of an interior and exterior of a vest 2010, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the vest 2010 includes: the lower torso support 2020; the stabilization system 2050, which includes the arms 2052 having proximal and distal ends 2054, 2056 respectively; the cross-strap system 2160 provided with cross-straps 2162; and the cross-arm connector 2066 to which the cross-arm grip 2068 is attached.

FIGS. 22 and 23 will now be referenced in order to describe the lower torso support 2020. FIG. 22 illustrates closeup of a portion of FIG. 21A that includes a top perspective view the lower torso support 2020. FIG. 23 provides a closeup of a portion of FIG. 22 that includes a top perspective view of a first flank 2234 of the lower torso support 2020. As illustrated, the lower torso support 2020 includes: the top edge 2026; the bottom edge 2028; the flexible body 2230; and first and second flanks 2234, 2236 extending in opposite directions from the flexible body 2230. An exterior attachment segment 2233 (“EXAS 2233”) is provided on the flexible body 2230, whereas an external surface of the first flank 2234 is provided with a first flank attachment segment 2235 (“FFAS 2235”), and an external surface of the second flank 2236 is provided with a second flank exterior attachment segment 2237 (“SFEAS 2237”). In addition, as described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 24, 25A, and 25B, an interior attachment segment 2231 (“IAS 2231”) and a second flank interior attachment segment 2237 second flank interior attachment segment 2237 are provided on the interior surface 2022 of the lower torso support 2020 in the areas of the flexible body 2230 and the second flank 2236 respectively. Each flank extends from a respective transition region 2238 that is adjacent to a respective end of the flexible body 2230. A body grip 2240 and a flank grip 2242 are provided on opposite sides of each transition region 2238. In addition, a torso grip 2250 is attached to the first flank 2234.

A strap/extension to lower support securement system 2260 (“strap/support securement system 2260”) is integrated into the lower torso support 2020 in the area of each of the transition regions 2238. The strap/support securement system 2260 includes a plurality of loops and rings that can be used as points of engagement between the lower torso support 2020 and the arm extensions 2058 and cross-straps 2162 of the stabilization system 2050. The strap/support securement system 2260 includes first, second, and third strap-securing attachments 2270, 2280, 2290 respectively attached to the top or bottom edges 2026, 2028.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 23, the first strap-securing attachment (“first attachment 2270”) includes a first securement loop 2272 (“first loop 2272”) attached to the bottom edge 2028 and a first securement ring 2274 (“first ring 2274”) interlocked with the first loop 2272. The second strap-securing attachment (“second attachment 2280”) includes a second securement loop 2282 (“first loop 2282”) attached to the bottom edge 2028 and a second securement ring 2284 (“second ring 2284”) interlocked with the second loop 2282. In addition, the third strap-securing attachment 2290 (“third attachment 2290”) includes a third securement loop 2292 (“third loop 2292”) attached to the top edge 2026, and a third securement ring 2294 (“third ring 2294”) interlocked with third loop 2292. As will be explained with reference to FIGS. 31A-31D, any of the first, second, or third rings 2274, 2284, 2294 may be used to receive and anchor a cross-strap 2162 or an extension 2058.

FIGS. 24 and 25A-25C will now be referenced in order to describe the interior surface 2022 of the lower torso support 2020. FIG. 24 illustrates a closeup of a portion of FIG. 21B that includes a top perspective view of the interior surface of the lower torso support 2020. FIGS. 25A-25C provide closeup of portions of FIG. 24 that include top perspective views of the second flank 2236, the flexible body 2230, and one of the transition regions 2238, respectively.

As illustrated in FIG. 24 the interior surface 2022 includes the SFAS 2239 provided in the area of the second flank 2236, as shown in detail in FIG. 25A, and the IAS 2231 provided in the area of the flexible body 2230, as shown in detail in FIG. 25B.

The SFAS 2239 illustrated in FIG. 25A may be specifically configured to attach to the FFAS 2235 provided on the exterior surface 2024 in the area of the first flank 2234. As a result, the lower torso support 2020 can be wrapped around a user with the first flank 2234 in contact with the user's stomach, and the second flank 2236 wrapped to overlap the first flank 2234. The SFAS 2239 attaches to the FFAS 2235 and thereby secures the lower torso support 2020 on the user. In particular, the second flank 2236 can be pulled and secured to the first flank 2234 such that the lower torso support 2020 is tightly fitted to the user's lower torso and applies a radially inward compressive force in a substantially uniform distribution about a circumference defined by the user's lower torso.

On the other hand, the IAS 2231 illustrated in FIG. 25B, may be used to attach different components to the interior surface 2022 of the lower torso support 2020 in the area of the flexible body 2230. In one example, a rigid panel with a surface that is at least partially covered by an attachment segment could be attached to the IAS 2231. The IAS 2231 may be provided on the interior surface 2022 over an area corresponding to an area of the exterior surface 2024, or portion thereof, that includes the EXAS 2233.

Turning to FIG. 25C, the first, second, and third attachments 2270, 2280, 2290 of the provided at or near one of the transition regions 2238 are shown. In one example, both ends of any of the first, second, or third loops 2272, 2282, 2292 may be attached to either the interior surface 2022 or the exterior surface at a respective one of the top and bottom edge 2026, 2028. In another example, one end of any of the loops may be attached to the interior surface 2022, and the other end attached to the exterior surface 2024.

FIG. 26 illustrates an elevation view of the stabilization system 2050, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown, the stabilization system 2050 includes the arms 2052, each with a respective proximal end 2054 attached to a respective region of the top edge 2026 corresponding with the flexible body 2230. A buoyant body (e.g., foam or other buoyant material formed into a structure that may be substantially uniform, closed, and/or unable to absorb liquid) is in enclosed in a fabric shell between the proximal end 2054 and the distal end 2056 of each arm 2052. The cross-straps 2162 of the cross-strap system 2160 are also illustrated in FIG. 26. Each cross-strap 2162 includes a cross-strap body 2664 and a strap end 2665. A body attachment segment 2665 (“BAS 2665”) is provided on the cross-strap body 2664, and an end attachment segment 2667 (“EDAS 2667”) that is configured to attach to the BAS 2665, is provided on the strap end 2665.

FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate perspective and closeup views of a cross-strap securement system 2700. Each cross-strap 2162 is secured to a respective one of the arms 2052 by a respective cross-strap securement system 2700 that includes a cross-strap connection point 2802, an arm loop 2804, a cross-strap loop 2806, and a cross-strap securement ring 2808 (“cross-strap ring 2808”). As illustrated in FIG. 28, the cross-strap body 2664 is attached to the arm loop 2804 of the cross-strap securement system 2700 at the cross-strap connection point 2802. Further, the cross-strap loop 2806 is interlocked with the arm loop 2804, and the cross-ring 2808 is interlocked with the cross-strap loop 2806. As will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 31A-31D, the cross-strap ring 2808 is configured to allow the cross-strap 2162 attached to the same arm loop 2804, to be run through and wrapped around the cross-strap ring 2808 for engagement between the EDAS 2667 and the BAS 2665 of the cross-strap 2162.

FIG. 29 illustrates a top perspective view of a portion of the stabilization system 2050 that includes one of the arm extension straps 2058, as well as cross-strap and extension strap securement systems 2700, 2900. As shown, the extension strap 2058 includes an extension body 2902, an extension end 2904, and an extension attachment segment 2905 (“ETAS 2905”) provided on the extension end 2904. Also shown in FIG. 29 is an arm attachment segment 2955 (“AAS 2955”) that is provided on the arm 2052 and configured to be attached to the ETAS 2905.

Reference will be made to FIGS. 30A to 30C in describing the extension strap securement system 2900. FIGS. 30A and 30B illustrate front and rear elevation views of the extension securement system 2900, and FIG. 30C illustrates an enlarged portion of FIG. 29. As illustrated, the extension securement system 2900 includes an extension loop 3002 that is attached (e.g., stitched, glued, etc.) to the proximal end 2056 of the arm 2052, and/or a lowermost section of the extension body 2902. In addition, an extension ring 3004 is interlocked to the extension loop 3002. As will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 31A-31C, the extension ring 3004 is configured to allow the extension 2058 attached to the same extension loop 3002, to be run through and wrapped around the extension ring 3004 to allow for engagement between the AAS 2955 and the ETAS 2905.

FIGS. 31A, 31B, and 31C respectively illustrate front elevation, front perspective, and closeup front elevation views of an implementation of the flotation system 2000. In particular, reference will be made to FIGS. 31A-31C in describing an implementation of the cross-strap system 2610. The cross-strap system 2160 includes the pair of cross-straps 2162. Each cross-strap 2162 is attached: (1) to a respective arm 2052 via a respective cross-strap securement system 2700; and (2) to the lower torso support via a respective first attachment 2270. In order to implement the cross-strap system 2160 as illustrated, the strap end 2665 and cross-strap body 2664 of each cross-strap 2162 is:

-   -   (1) run from the connection point 2802 with a respective arm         loop 2804;     -   (2) run diagonally across a chest of the user;     -   (3) threaded through the first ring 2274 interlocked with the         first loop 2272 of the first attachment 2270 corresponding to         the cross-strap 2162;     -   (4) turned upwards and run back across the chest of the user         towards the same arm loop 2804;     -   (5) threaded through the cross-strap ring 2808 interlocked with         the cross-strap loop 2806 that is interlocked with the same arm         loop 2804 the cross-strap 2162 is attached to at the connection         point 2802 of step (1);     -   (6) turned downward back across the user's chest in the         direction of the first attachment 2270 of step (3); and     -   (7) a portion of the cross-strap 2162 that includes the strap         end 2665 will be pressed against a portion of the cross-strap         body 2664 that includes the BAS 2665 such that the EDAS 2667         attaches to the BAS 2665.

As illustrated in FIGS. 31A-31C, when fully implemented, the cross-straps define an X-shaped configuration (“X-configuration”) that traverses a torso of the user. This is significant because if the center of the X-configuration, where the cross-straps 2162 cross one another, is pulled, the arms 2052, the lower torso support 2020, and the crotch support 2070, will all be pulled inward. This has the effect of increasing the compressive force each component applies on the body of the user. In other words, pulling on this X-configuration as described, in effect, tightens and makes the primary device 2000 more securely fitted on the user. Thus, moving the user forwards, for example to perform an aquatic therapy exercise, or upwards, for example during a water rescue from an aerial vehicle like a helicopter, by the pulling the X-configuration, is a safe method of maneuvering an individual such as the user in FIGS. 31A-31C. It will also be noted that the arm loops 2804 may be moved relative to respective arms 2052 in order to customize the stabilizing effects of the cross-straps 2162.

FIGS. 31A, 31B, and 32A will now be referenced for describing an implementation of the extensions 2058 and the crotch support 2070. As illustrated in FIGS. 31A, 31B, and 32A, the extension ends 2904 of the extensions 2058 are attached to respective AAS 2955. In order to implement the extension 2058 as illustrated, the extension end 2904 and extension body 2902 of each extension 2058 is:

-   -   (1) run from the distal end 2056 of a respective arm 2052 that         has been positioned over a user's shoulder and in front of the         user's chest;     -   (2) run down towards one of the second ring 2282 of the second         attachment 2280 and the third ring 2292 of the third attachment         2290 (depending on the length of the user's torso) that is         provided on the one of the first flank 2234 and the second flank         2236 that the arm 2052 extends towards when positioned over the         user's shoulder;     -   (3) threaded through the one of the second and third rings 2282,         2292 (see FIG. 32A for an example of the extension 2058 being         threaded through the second ring 2282);     -   (4) turned upwards and run back towards the front of the arm         2052 which includes the AAS 2955;     -   (5) (optionally) threaded through the extension ring 3004 of the         extension securement system 2900 for the extension 2058; and     -   (7) a portion of the extension 2058 that includes the extension         end 2904 will be pressed against the AAS 2955 such that the ETAS         2905 attaches to the AAS 2955.

Advantages provided by the first, second, and third attachments 2270, 2280, 2290 include ease of implementing the stabilization system 2050, and being able to accommodate wide range of sizes of users. In providing the second and third attachments 2280, 2290, the arm extensions 2058 can be passed through the second ring 2282 and turned upwards for users with shorter or more compact torsos, or through the third ring 2292 for users with longer torsos. In addition, the extension 2058 could be threaded through both the second and third rings 2282, 2292 should there be a concern if a ring is left free it might touch the user and cause discomfort and/or confusion with the user.

Another advantage is that there is no need of running the arms 2052 over a user and in front of the user's waist before wrapping the flanks 2234, 2236 around the user, or having to try to stuff the arm extensions 2058 between the user and the lower torso support 2020 that is being worn by the user. Rather, the lower torso and crotch support 2070 s, can be placed on the user, and the arm extensions 2058 can subsequently and easily be threaded through second and/or third rings 2282, 2292, and pulled upwards for attachment to a respective AAS 2295. Still another advantage is that only one of the second or the third attachments 2280, 2290, is required to secure the arms 2052 to the lower torso support 2020 for, and as part of, a full implementation of the flotation device 2000.

As noted above, the flotation device 2000 can be used by individuals of varying torso lengths. Those with longer torsos can use the third attachment 2290 for longer or taller configurations of the stabilization system 2050, whereas smaller individuals with shorter torsos can pass the arm extensions 2058 through the second ring 2284 of the second attachment 2280, thereby taking up more of any potential slack in the arm extensions 2058. Still further, individuals with intermediate sized torsos may use the second attachment 2280 (see FIG. 32A) in order to more tightly fit the stabilization system 2050, and increase the forces applied, to their torso. In addition, the flotation device 2000 could be used for individuals having a variety of bone configurations supporting their respective torsos. For example, the shoulders for a person with scoliosis may not be level relative to one another. As a result, it possible for the person's torso to be longer on one side of the neck, as compared to the length of the torso on the other side of the user's neck. The flotation device 2000 of the present disclosure can be configured to accommodate such a configuration as one arm can be secured with a corresponding second attachment 2280, while the other arm 2052 can be secured with a corresponding third attachment 2290.

In one example, the loops of the first, second, and third attachments 2270, 2280, 2290 may be color coded to match the color of the cross-strap or extension that attachment is normally used with. On the other hand, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that although the cross-straps 2162 have been described as being implemented with the first attachment 2270, and the extensions 2058 have been described as being implemented with the second or third attachments 2280, 2290, depending on the user, the first attachments 2270 could be used for implementing the extensions 2058 and the second or third attachments 2280, 2290 could be used for implementing the cross-straps 2162.

As shown in FIGS. 31A and 31B, as well as FIG. 32A, the lower torso support 2020 is wrapped around the user around a transition area traversing the user's waist line and a portion of the user's lower torso. A second pad 3274 (see also FIGS. 32A, 32B, 33A) of the crotch support 2070 is attached to the lower torso support 2020, and first and second elastic bands 3480, 3482 are wrapped over the first and second flanks 2234, 2236. The first and second elastic bands 3480, 3482 can be attached to each other or the second pad 3274.

When placed on the user, the first and second flanks 2234, 2236 can be pulled tight to snuggly fit around the user. As previously noted, this alone can result in a moderate compressive force being applied to a region of the user including the lower torso. This compressive force is significantly amplified by stretching the first and second bands 3480, 3482 around the first and second flanks 2234, 2236 and attaching band ends 3486 to each other, or an exposed portion of an attachment segment of one of the flanks, or the second pad 3274.

The first and second bands 3480, 3482 exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on the buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 2230 (see FIG. 32A), and in the first and second pads 3272, 3274 (see FIG. 32A). This compressive force is in turn, distributed across surface areas of the buoyant bodies, and thus applied over a corresponding surface area of the user which includes the lumbar region of the user's back, as well as rectus abdominus and external oblique muscles of the user's core. As recited herein, the term core means a human core and includes all the muscle groups that are well known in the art, including the medical field, to be part of the human core (e.g., pelvic floor, rectus abdominus, erector spinae, internal and external obliques, etc.). In addition, the second pad 3274, being pressed against the user also applies an inward compressive force on the rectus abdominus portion of the user's core. The force applied by the second pad 3274 is coupled with a diametrically opposed force applied by first pad 3272 on a lumbar region of the user's back.

As noted above, portions of the user's core, and portions of the user's torso, which includes a lower region of the torso comprising a lower back, are subject to compressive forces respectively applied by: the second pad 3274; the first and second flanks 2234, 2236 amplified by the first and second bands 3480, 3482; and the first pad 3272. These compressive forces: (A) stabilize portions of a user's core and trunk relative to each other; and, (B) lock a user's trunk and hips relative to (i) each other, and (ii) a transverse body plane. Thus, the lower torso support 2020 and first and second pads 3272, 3274 essentially compress the above-mentioned parts or areas of an individual into a more unified or solid portion of the individual's body. As a result, balance shifting effects to an individual's center of gravity due to movements of, or external forces applied to, parts of the user's body above and below the lower torso support 2020, may be reduced, especially for an individual who has poor trunk control and/or core strength.

An individual is likely to experience the balance shifting forces internally (e.g., when an appendage is moved) during aquatic and non-aquatic activities. However, generation of such an internal force during an aquatic activity, for example through moderate leg movement, can be coupled with the generation of dynamic external forces, which may be applied to a user via, e.g., a wave. An advantage of the lower torso support 2020 and first and second pads 3272, 3274, is that the individual's hips, bilateral stabilizers, and portions of the individual's core and torso are held together, and relative to each other, more securely. In turn, these parts of the individual are together, more stable and resistive to the potential balance shifting effects of the above-mentioned external forces. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such external forces, whether a result of internal forces or by some other means within a body of water, may be applied bilaterally in horizontal or vertical directions.

The central body 3276 of the crotch support 2070 shown in FIGS. 32A and 32B, further supports and stabilizes the hips relative to the trunk of a user. In particular, the crotch support 2070 can be sized relative to the user such that when the second pad 3274 is attached to the first and second flanks 2234, 2236, an upward force is applied to the crotch. Accordingly, the upward force further locks the hips and trunk together along sagittal and coronal body planes and relative to the transverse body plane, and thereby increases the stabilizing effects of the lower torso support 2020 and the first and second pads 3272, 3274. Further, during aquatic activities, the buoyant body within the central body 3276 applies an upward buoyant force to the crotch of the user.

The lower torso support 2020 is secured to the lower torso in a substantially stationary position due to the combination of: (1) the radial compressive forces applied by the first and second flanks 2234, 2236 and bands 3480, 3482; (2) the arrangement of the crotch support 2070 extending between the user's legs in contact with the crotch, coupled with having two points of attachment with the lower torso support 2020; (3) the securement of the extensions 2058 to first, second, or third attachments 2270, 2280, 2290; and (4) the securement of the cross-straps 2162 any of the first, second, or third attachments 2270, 2280, 2290 not securing the extensions 2058. Thus, as explained in further detail herein, the combination of the lower torso and the crotch support 2020, 2070 provides a substantially fixed base from which the stabilization system 2050 extends and further stabilizes a trunk of a user such as the user illustrated in FIGS. 31A-31C.

As previously noted, the stabilization system 2050 includes the arms 2052 that are configured to extend over a user's shoulders and traverse an upper and lower torso. Each arm extension 2058 is implemented with a corresponding first, second, or third attachment 2270, 2280, 2290 as previously described. As the combination of the lower torso support 2020 and the crotch support 2070 occupies a substantially fixed position on, and relative to, the user, it provides a type of anchor for the stabilization system 2050. With the combination of supports providing this function, the arm extensions 2058 can be used to apply, and modify, inwardly directed compressive forces on both sides of the user's upper and lower torsos (the user's trunk), as well as a downwardly directed force on the user's shoulders. More specifically, each arm extension 2058 can be pulled through the ring of an attachment, and securely attached to one of multiple locations of a corresponding AAS 2955. The degree to which each arm extension 2058 is pulled tight and attached to a corresponding AAS 2955 determines, and can be modified to apply, a desired magnitude of the compressive and downward forces applied by the arms 2052.

The downward force applied to the shoulders by the arms 2052 is of particular significance for stabilizing the trunk of the user. The arms 2052 act to further lock upper and lower regions of the torso (e.g., upper (cervical) and lower (thoracic) portions of the spine) relative to each other, and to lock the trunk as a whole to the user's hips (as combined with the lower torso and crotch supports 2020, 2070). More generally speaking, the flotation system 2000 causes the user's hips, lower torso, and upper torso to be more securely engaged with one another and, as a whole, more compact. Because the physical intra- and inter-engagements of the user's trunk, hips, and core are more secure, stability of a user's trunk is significantly increased to the extent that externally applied forces (for example from a wave), or movements of the user's appendages, whether or not voluntary, are substantially less likely to: (A) cause portions of the trunk around the immediately affected or connected area to shift; (B) trigger uncontrollable core movements; or (C) otherwise cause a musculoskeletal chain reaction in the user that ultimately throws the user's balance completely off.

The position of the arms 2052 in the area of the upper torso can be adjusted using cross-strap system 2160. The benefits of the versatility provided by the cross-straps 2162 is threefold. First the ability to move the lateral position of portions of the arms 2052 relative to the user can be utilized to increase the user's comfort. Second, the inward forces applied by the arms in the user's chest region can be modified and optimized. Third, where the user does not have sufficient neck control to be able hold the user's head up for either long or short periods of time, the arms can be brought close together such that a user could potentially rest their chin on arms 2052, and avoid a situation in which their head may move all the way to where the user's chin contacts their chest.

With the flotation device 2000 of the present disclosure, an upper torso of a user may be maintained above a surface level of a body of water, and a lower torso, portions of the user's arms, and a lower body may be safely supported for flotation within the body of water below the surface level. Further, the flotation device 2000 is configured to maintain a user in an aquatic environment such as a body of water more that 2 to 5 feet deep, in an upright orientation. In particular, the combination of buoyant bodies provided in the flexible body 2230, arms 2052, first and second pads 3272, 3274, and the central body 3276 is configured to maintain a user wearing the flotation system 2000 while in a body of water, in an upright position whether the user is moving his or her arms or legs, or the aquatic environment is static (e.g., no waves or other water fluctuations) or non-static (e.g., externally generated waves).

This is accomplished in part by the upward flotational support provided below and circumferentially around and the user's torso by the flexible body 2230, the first and second pads 3272, 3274, and the central body 3276. In particular, the second pad 3274 and the flexible body 2230 together provide upward flotational support that is substantially uniform immediately around the user's lower torso. The central body 3276 supports the user directly from below as it extends between the user legs. As a result of the configuration of the first and second pads 3272, 3274 and the flexible body 2230, motion of the user to one lateral side or another will be counteracted by the buoyant bodies in those components.

The other component contributing to the user remaining upright is the configuration of buoyant bodies within the arms 2052. More specifically, in use, the buoyant bodies in the arms 2052 will extend over the user's shoulders: (A) to at least a location in front of the user's chest on a front side; and (B) over a length along the user's back that corresponds to a vertical extent of the cervical spine and substantially all of a vertical extent of a thoracic spine of the user. Accordingly, the buoyant bodies on the front and back side of the user will counteract the forward or backward motion of the user's upper torso that could cause the user, without the arms 2052, to tip over and be submerged below a surface level of the water. It will also be understood that the lower torso and crotch supports 2020, 2070 contribute to this directional stability.

FIGS. 32A, 32B, and 32C respectively illustrate side elevation, front perspective, and rear perspective views of an implementation of the flotation system 2000 and a secondary flotation device 2098. As shown, the lower torso support 2020 is wrapped around the user's waist and lower torso, with the first pad 3272 of the crotch support 2070 attached to an attachment segment provided on an exterior surface of the lower torso support 2020. The first and second elastic bands 3480, 3482 are attached to a band attachment point 3490 at the center of the first pad 3272, and extend in opposite directions around the lower torso support 2020. As noted above, the first and second elastic bands 3480, 3482 amplify the radial compressive force being applied to a corresponding region of the user's core and torso.

The secondary flotation device 2098 can be gripped by the user. However, as shown in FIG. 32B, the first connector strap 2090 includes loops respectively positioned around portions of the secondary flotation device 2098, and a wrap 2094 fitted onto each wrist of the user. In addition, an end of the first connector strap 2090 may be attached or looped around the pad grip 3292 of the crotch support 2070. As noted above, the primary flotation device 2000 is configured to, without any additional equipment or assistance from a caregiver, maintain a user, in an upright position when in a body of water. However, should the user not have, or only have limited, use of their arms, aquatic activities may be difficult, impractical, or limited in number. Accordingly, the secondary flotation device 2098 may be provided so that the user's arms are supported in the water. This may allow for more activities and increase the comfort and confidence of the user while in the water.

FIGS. 33A and 33B illustrate top perspective views of an exterior and interior of the crotch support 2070, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown, the crotch support 2070 includes the first and second pads 3272, 3274 that extend from the central body 3276. A pad loop 3290 is provided an exterior of the first pad 3272, and a pad grip 3292 is provided on an exterior of the second pad 3274. As shown in FIG. 33B, a first pad attachment segment 3373 (“FPAS 3373”) is provided on an interior surface of the first pad 3272, and a second pad attachment segment 3375 (“SPAS 3375”) is provided on the interior surface of the second pad 3274.

FIGS. 34A and 34B illustrate elevation views of an exterior and interior of the first pad 3272. FIG. 34C illustrates an elevation view of an exterior of the flexible body 2230 of the lower torso support 2020. As shown in FIG. 34A, the first elastic band 3480 and the second elastic band 3482 are attached to, and extend in opposite directions from, the band attachment point 3490 provided on the first pad 3272. Each of the first and second elastic bands 3480, 3482 includes a band body 3484 that is attached to the band attachment point 3490 and/or the first pad 3272, and terminates with a first band end 3486 and a second band end 3488 respectively. The first band end 3486 includes an exterior surface provided with a first band attachment segment 3487 (“FBAS 3487”) configured to attach to: (1) a second band attachment segment 3489 (“SBAS 3489”) provided on an interior surface of the second band end 3488 (as shown in FIG. 34B); and/or (2) first and third flank attachment segments 2235, 2239 (see FIG. 22) respectively provided on the first and second flanks 2234, 2236. The FPAS 3373 illustrated in FIG. 34B is configured to attach to the EXAS 2233 provided on the exterior of the lower torso support 2020 over an area that coincides with at least a portion of the flexible body 2230, as illustrated in FIG. 34C.

FIGS. 35A and 35B illustrate elevation views of an exterior and interior of the second pad 3274 of the crotch support 2070. As illustrated in FIG. 35A, the pad grip 3292 is attached to the exterior of the second pad 3274, and the SPAS 3375 is provided on the interior of the second pad 3274.

FIG. 35C illustrates an exterior of the second flank 2236 as it would be orientated when wrapped around a user and overlappingly attached to the first flank 2234. More specifically, with the second flank 2236 wrapped over the first flank 2234, the SFEAS 2239 is accessible. The SPAS 3375 provided on the second pad 3274 is configured to attach to the SFEAS 2239.

FIG. 36 illustrates a top view of the first connector strap 2090, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. As shown, the first connector strap 2090 includes: a head 3600 having a body with ends that are connected to intermediate portions of the body at intermediate connection points 3630 to define a closed space (illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 37A and 37B and hereafter referred to as “first sub-strap loop 3722”); a head loop 3602 that extends through the first sub-strap loop 3722 (see FIG. 37A); and two sub-straps 3610 that extend from the head 3600 proximate to the intermediate connection points 3630.

Each sub-strap 3610 includes a first strap body 3620 and a second strap body 3640 disposed perpendicular to the first strap body 3620. The first strap body 3620 includes an intermediate strap portion 3620 a that extends from the intermediate connection points 3630, and an end strap portion 3620 b that extends from a junction between intermediate strap portion 3620 a and the second strap body 3640. As shown, for each first strap body 3620, one or more intermediate strap attachment segments 3621 (“ISAS 3621”) are provided on the intermediate strap portion 3620 a, and an end strap attachment segment 3623 (“ESAS 3623”) is provided on the end strap portion 3620 b. The second strap body 3640 includes a first strap portion 3640 a provided with a first strap portion attachment segment 3641 (“FSPAS 3641”), and a second strap portion 3640 b that is provided with a second strap portion attachment segment 3643 (“SSPAS 3643”). Each sub-strap 3610 may be formed from a single piece of material, or the first strap body 3620 may be fastened to the second strap body 3640, for example, via a type of stitching.

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate front and bottom perspective views of the head 3600 of the first connector strap 2090. As shown ends of the body of the head 3600 are connected to intermediate portions of the body at the intermediate connection points 3630 and define the first sub-strap loop 3722. The head loop 3602 is interlocked with the first sub-strap 3722.

FIG. 38 illustrates a perspective view of the first connector strap 2090. As shown, the end strap portion 3620 b of each first strap body 3620 is connected to a corresponding intermediate strap portion 3620 a to define a closed space (“second sub-strap loop 3828”). In particular, for each sub-strap 3610, the ESAS 3623 provided on the end strap portion 3620 a is attached to one ESAS 3621 provided on the intermediate strap portion 3620 a. As shown in FIGS. 32A-32C, the secondary flotation device 2098 can be extended through, and removed from, each of the second sub-strap loops 3828 defined by the sub-straps 3610.

A third sub-strap loop 3850 will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 and 39. The second strap body 3640 includes detachable first and second strap portions 3640 a, 3640 b. For each second strap body 3640, the FPAS 3641 is provided on the end of the first strap portion 3640 a, and the SPAS 3643 is provided on the end of the second strap portion 3640 b and configured to attach to the FPAS 3641. When attached, the first and second strap portions 3640 a, 3640 b define a third sub-strap loop 3850. Each third sub-strap loop 3850 can be formed around a respective wrist of a user by wrapping the first and second strap portion 3640 a, 3640 b around the wrist and attaching the FPAS 3641 to the SPAS 3643. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that at least a size of each third sub-strap loop 3850 can be adjusted to accommodate different wrist sizes.

In use, as illustrated in FIG. 32B, the head loop 3602 is run through the first sub-strap loop 3722, either the head loop 3602, or a carabiner interlocked with the head loop 3602, can be interlocked with the pad grip 3292. Accordingly, the first connector strap 2090 can be attached to the first pad 3272. The combination of the first, second, and third sub-strap loops 3722, 3828, 3850 respectively ensure that the first connector strap 2090 remains attached to the flotation system 2000 (in conjunction with the pad grip 3292), the secondary flotation device 2098, and the wrists of a user. As a result, during aquatic activities, the secondary flotation device 2098 attached to the first strap connector 2090 remains within the grip of a user, but more importantly always attached to the user's wrists. Accordingly, even if the user lacks control or sufficient dexterity in their hands and fingers to hold on to the secondary flotation device 2098, the user's wrists will remain attached thereto. Thus, their arms will remain supported for flotation, and located substantially at a surface level of a body of water where aquatic activities are being performed.

FIG. 40 illustrates a rear perspective view of the flotation system 2000 including the second connector strap 2096 provided in a harness configuration. The second connector strap 2096 includes a strap body 4000 that defines a first end loop 4010 with a first strap end 4012, and a second end loop 4020 with a second strap end 4022. The first and second strap ends 4012, 4022 include first and second end attachment segments 4014, 4024 that can be arranged to attach to attachment segments provided on other portions of the strap body 4000, and thereby form the first and second end loops 4010, 4020.

In the illustrated example, the first end loop 4010 is interlocked with the cross-arm grip 2068. More specifically, an implementation of the first end loop 4010 includes: (1) a portion of the first strap end 4012 being (i) run between the cross-arm grip 2068 and the cross-arm connector 2066, and (ii) wrapped around the cross-arm grip 2068; and (2) the first end attachment segment 4014 being attached to an attachment segment on the strap body 4000.

On the other hand, the second end loop 4020 is interlocked with a carabiner 4050 that is interlocked with the pad loop 3290. More specifically, an implementation of the second end loop 4020 includes: (1) a portion of the second strap end 4022 is (i) threaded through the carabiner 4050, and (ii) wrapped around the carabiner; and (2) and the second end attachment segment 4024 being attached to a corresponding attachment segment on the strap body 4000.

In another example, one or both of the first and second end loops 4010, 4020 may be formed respectively by the first and/or second strap ends 4012, 4022 being stitched to the strap body 4000 of the second connector strap 2096. In this example, whichever or both of the first and second loop ends 4010, 4020 defined by stitching, are attached to the pad loop 3290 and/or the cross-arm grip 2068 by a non-permanent fastening mechanism, such as the carabiner 4050 as illustrated in FIG. 40.

With the second connector strap 2096 provided in the harness configuration, a user wearing the flotation system 2000 can be carried by a caregiver. In particular, the caregiver may be able to place the second connector strap 2096 across his or her torso from shoulder to hip, and support the weight of the user on his or her back. In an aquatic environment, the caregiver would be able to walk upright, and in effect tow the user, or support the user on the caregiver's back, without concern for a head of the user moving below a surface of the water. Out of the water, the caregiver would be able to carry the user.

Due to the compressive forces applied by the various components of lower torso support, stabilization system, and crotch support 2020, 2050, 2070, the flotation system 2000 remains substantially stationary on the user, even while being carried. There are several benefits of this feature. First, the configuration of applied compressive forces on the user may generally provide a therapeutic effect from a sensory perspective. As a result, for an individual that has a condition or general issues involving severe discomfort or frustration, stress, anxiety, or sensory overload when the individual moves or is assisted in moving, the flotation system 2000 may help increase a comfort level and calm the individual. This is especially the case in situations where the second connector strap 2096 is being used in the harness configuration to carry a user—where a caregiver is controlling substantially all aspects of the individual's movement from one location to another.

Another benefit of the flotation system 2000 remaining substantially stationary on the user is that the various components of the device 2000 will not move into positions that cause the user additional discomfort, affect circulation, or interfere with an endotracheal tube (if present). In addition, because the user stays stationary relative to the flotation system 2000, it is possible to for the caregiver to keep constant relative to himself or herself, the orientation of the combination of the user and the flotation system 2000. Thus, shifting of the user relative to the caregiver is more easily controlled by the caregiver, which in turn aids the caregiver in avoiding potential injury from sudden shifts in weight and/or being put in awkward positions.

It will be appreciated that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed flotation system and techniques for applying the flotation system. These examples given above are merely illustrative and are not meant to be an exhaustive list of all possible designs, aspects, applications or modifications of the disclosure. Further, it is contemplated that other implementations of the disclosure may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to the disclosure or examples thereof are intended to reference the particular example being discussed at that point and are not intended to imply any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and disparagement with respect to certain features is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but not to exclude such from the scope of the disclosure entirely unless otherwise indicated. 

We claim:
 1. A flotation system, the flotation system comprising: a crotch support including: a central body, a first pad, a second pad, a first elastic band extending from the first pad, and a second elastic band extending from the first pad in an opposite direction of the first elastic band; and a vest including: a lower torso support including: a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, the first flank having a first flank attachment segment, and a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body, the second flank having a second flank attachment segment configured to attach to the first flank attachment segment, and a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having: a proximal end extending from a top edge of the lower torso support, a distal end, and an extension extending from the distal end and configured to engage a respective one of the first flank and the second flank, wherein each of the central body, the first pad, the second pad, the flexible body, the first arm, and the second arm include a respective buoyant body, and wherein the first elastic band and the second elastic band are configured to wrap around the lower torso support and attach to one of the first flank, the second flank, and each other, such that a compressive force is applied along a circumference defined by a torso of a user.
 2. The flotation system of claim 1, wherein the buoyant body in each of the first arm and the second arm extends from a respective proximal end to a respective distal end.
 3. The flotation system of claim 1, wherein the lower torso support includes a plurality of grips extending from the top edge to a bottom edge of the lower torso support.
 4. The flotation system of claim 1, wherein the first pad of the crotch support is configured to attach to the flexible body of the vest, and wherein the second pad is configured to attach to at least one of the first flank attachment segment and the second flank attachment segment.
 5. The flotation system of claim 1, wherein the buoyant body of each of the first strap and the second strap has a circular cross-section.
 6. The flotation system of claim 1, wherein the buoyant body of each of the first pad, the second pad, and the flexible body has a rectangular cross-section.
 7. The flotation system of claim 1, further comprising: a cross-strap system including a first cross-strap and a second cross-strap, wherein the first arm extends from the flexible body between a center of the flexible body and the first flank and the second arm extends from the flexible body between the center and the second flank, wherein the first cross-strap includes: a first arm loop attached to the first arm, and a first strap body configured to adjustably attach to the first arm loop and at least one attachment provided on the lower torso support proximate to the second flank, and wherein the second cross-strap includes: a second arm loop attached to the second arm, and a second strap body configured to adjustably attach to the second arm loop and at least one attachment provided on the lower torso support proximate to the first flank.
 8. The flotation system of claim 1, further comprising: a spread adjustor positioned around the first arm and the second arm, wherein the spread adjustor includes a lateral body and a vertical body, wherein the lateral body is configured to wrap around the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the vertical body is configured to wrap around the lateral body between the first arm and the second arm and adjust a space between the first arm and the second arm.
 9. The flotation system of claim 1, further comprising: a cross-connector attached to the first arm and the second arm in corresponding locations; and a cross-grip attached to the cross-connector.
 10. The flotation system of claim 9, further comprising: a strap connector, wherein the strap connector configured to attach to the cross-grip and a pad loop extending from the first pad of the crotch support.
 11. The flotation system of claim 1, further comprising: a strap connector including a head and a pair of sub-straps extending from the head; wherein each sub-strap includes a first sub-strap body extending from the head and a second sub-strap body attached to the first sub-strap body extending perpendicular to the first-sub-strap body, wherein the head defines a first sub-strap loop and is configured to attach to a pad grip extending from the first pad of the crotch support, wherein each first sub-strap body includes a first plurality of attachment segments such that each first sub-strap body can be arranged to define a respective second sub-strap loop, and wherein each second sub-strap-body includes a second plurality of attachment segments such that each second sub-strap body can be arranged to define a respective third sub-strap loop.
 12. A vest providing a flotation device, the vest comprising: a lower torso support including: a flexible body, a first flank extending from a first side of the flexible body, the first flank having a first flank attachment segment, a second flank extending from a second side of the flexible body, the second flank having a second flank attachment segment configured to attach to the first flank attachment segment, a plurality of grips extending from a top edge to a bottom edge of the lower torso support, and a first arm and a second arm, each of the first arm and the second arm having: a proximal end extending from the top edge of the lower torso support, a distal end, and an extension extending from the distal end and configured to engage a respective one of the first flank and the second flank, wherein each of the flexible body, the first arm, and the second arm includes a respective buoyant body.
 13. The vest of claim 12, wherein the buoyant body in each of the first arm and the second arm extends from a respective proximal end to a respective distal end.
 14. The vest of claim 12, wherein each of the first arm and the second arm includes an arm attachment segment, wherein in each extension includes an extension attachment segment configured to attach a respective arm attachment segment and secure a respective one of the first arm and the second arm to the lower torso support.
 15. The vest of claim 14, wherein the first arm extends from the flexible body between a center of the flexible body and the first flank and the second arm extends from the flexible body between the center and the second flank, wherein a first attachment extends from one of the top edge and the bottom edge of the lower torso support proximate to the first flank and the second flank, and wherein the extension of the first arm is configured to engage the first attachment proximate to the first flank and the extension of the second arm is configured to engage the first attachment proximate to the second flank.
 16. The vest of claim 15, further comprising: a cross-strap system including a first cross-strap and a second cross-strap, wherein a second attachment extends from the other of the top edge and the bottom edge of the lower torso support proximate to the first flank and the second flank, wherein the first cross-strap includes: a first arm loop attached to the first arm, and a first strap body configured to adjustably attach to the first arm loop and the second attachment proximate to the second flank, and wherein the second cross-strap includes: a second arm loop attached to the second arm, and a second strap body configured to adjustably attach to the second arm loop and the second attachment proximate to the first flank.
 17. The vest of claim 12, further comprising: a spread adjustor positioned around the first arm and the second arm, wherein the spread adjustor includes a lateral body and a vertical body, wherein the lateral body is configured to wrap around the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the vertical body is configured to wrap around the lateral body between the first arm and the second arm and adjust a space between the first arm and the second arm.
 18. A method of guiding an activity of a user in an aquatic environment, the method comprising: wrapping a lower torso support around a lower torso of the user; attaching an attachment segment of a first flank of the lower torso support to an attachment segment of the second flank; positioning a first arm attached to a flexible body of the lower torso support over a first shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the first arm to the first flank with an extension of the first arm; positioning a second arm attached to the flexible body over a second shoulder of the user and securing a distal end of the second arm to the second flank with an extension of the second arm; attaching a first pad of a crotch support to the flexible body and attaching a second pad of the crotch support to one of the first flank and the second flank such that central body of the crotch support extends between legs of the user; wrapping a first elastic band attached to the first pad around the user and attaching first elastic band to one of the second pad, the first flank, and the second flank; wrapping a second elastic band attached to the first pad around the user in an opposite direction as the first elastic band and attaching the second elastic band to one of the second pad, the second flank, the first flank, and the first elastic band; and guiding the user into the aquatic environment, wherein the lower torso support applies a moderate compressive force to a region of the user including a lower torso, and wherein the first and second elastic bands exert an inwardly directed radial compressive force on a buoyant body provided in at least the flexible body.
 19. The method of guiding of claim 18, the method further comprising: gripping at least one of a body grip and a flank grip provide on the lower torso support; and guiding a movement of the user in the aquatic environment by one of pulling and pushing on the at least one of the body grip and the flank grip.
 20. The method of guiding of claim 18, the method further comprising: attaching a first end of a strap connector to a cross-grip attached to a cross-connector attached to the first arm and the second arm in corresponding locations; attaching a second of the strap connector to a pad loop extending from the first pad of the crotch support; and pulling the user in the aquatic environment using the strap connector. 